New research puts age of universe at 26.7 billion years, nearly twice as old as previously believed::Our universe could be twice as old as current estimates, according to a new study that challenges the dominant cosmological model and sheds new light on the so-called “impossible early galaxy problem.”
No, not really, because the age of that star is compatible with the age of the universe within the error bars.
Galaxy formation is still an active area of research und different models predict different evolutionary rates
That’s exactly what Brans-Dicke theory is trying to do, and other modified theories of gravitation as well. Yet they can’t explain stuff so well as Lambda CDM can.
Overall, tired light pretty much doesn’t work well explaining the perfect black body behavior of the cosmic microwave background or surface brightnesses of galaxies.
https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tired_light